USBDI(9) | Kernel Developer's Manual | USBDI(9)

# NAME

usbdi — USB device drivers interface

# SYNOPSIS

#include <dev/usb/usb.h>
#include <dev/usb/usbdi.h>
#include <dev/usb/usbdi_util.h>

## Functions offered by usbdi.h

usbd_status
usbd_open_pipe(struct usbd_interface *iface, uint8_t address, uint8_t flags, struct usbd_pipe **pipe);
usbd_status
usbd_close_pipe(struct usbd_pipe *pipe);
usbd_status
usbd_transfer(struct usbd_xfer *xfer);
struct usbd_xfer *
usbd_setup_xfer(struct usbd_xfer *xfer, void *priv, void *buffer, uint32_t length, uint16_t flags, uint32_t timeout, usbd_callback);
void
usbd_setup_default_xfer(struct usbd_xfer *xfer, struct usbd_device *dev, void *priv, uint32_t timeout, usb_device_request_t *req, void *buffer, uint32_t length, uint16_t flags, usbd_callback);
void
usbd_setup_isoc_xfer(struct usbd_xfer *xfer, void *priv, uint16_t *frlengths, uint32_t nframes, uint16_t flags, usbd_callback);
void
usbd_get_xfer_status(struct usbd_xfer *xfer, void **priv, void **buffer, uint32_t *count, usbd_status *status);
usb_endpoint_descriptor_t *
usbd_interface2endpoint_descriptor(struct usbd_interface *iface, uint8_t address);
usbd_status
usbd_abort_pipe(struct usbd_pipe *pipe);
usbd_status
usbd_abort_default_pipe(struct usbd_device *dev);
usbd_status
usbd_clear_endpoint_stall(struct usbd_pipe *pipe);
usbd_status
usbd_clear_endpoint_stall_async(struct usbd_pipe *pipe);
void
usbd_clear_endpoint_toggle(struct usbd_pipe *pipe);
usbd_status
usbd_endpoint_count(struct usbd_interface *dev, uint8_t *count);
usbd_status
usbd_interface_count(struct usbd_device *dev, uint8_t *count);
usbd_status
usbd_interface2device_handle(struct usbd_interface *iface, struct usbd_device **dev);
usbd_status
usbd_device2interface_handle(struct usbd_device *dev, uint8_t ifaceno, struct usbd_interface **iface);
struct usbd_device *
usbd_pipe2device_handle(struct usbd_pipe *pipe);
int
usbd_create_xfer(struct usbd_pipe *pipe, size_t len, unsigned int flags, unsigned int nframes, struct usbd_xfer **xp);
void
usbd_destroy_xfer(struct usbd_xfer *xfer);
void *
usbd_get_buffer(struct usbd_xfer *xfer);
usbd_status
usbd_sync_transfer(struct usbd_xfer *req);
usbd_status
usbd_sync_transfer_sig(struct usbd_xfer *req);
usbd_status
usbd_open_pipe_intr(struct usbd_interface *iface, uint8_t address, uint8_t flags, struct usbd_pipe **pipe, void *priv, void *buffer, uint32_t length, usbd_callback callback, int interval);
usbd_status
usbd_do_request(struct usbd_device *dev, usb_device_request_t *req, void *data);
usbd_status
usbd_do_request_flags(struct usbd_device *dev, usb_device_request_t *req, void *data, uint16_t flags, int *actlen, uint32_t timo);
usb_interface_descriptor_t *
usbd_get_interface_descriptor(struct usbd_interface *iface);
usb_config_descriptor_t *
usbd_get_config_descriptor(struct usbd_device *dev);
usb_device_descriptor_t *
usbd_get_device_descriptor(struct usbd_device *dev);
usbd_status
usbd_set_interface(struct usbd_interface *iface, int altidx);
int
usbd_get_no_alts(usb_config_descriptor_t *iface, int ifaceno);
usbd_status
usbd_fill_deviceinfo(struct usbd_device *dev, struct usb_device_info *di);
int
usbd_get_interface_altindex(struct usbd_interface *iface);
usb_endpoint_descriptor_t *
usbd_get_endpoint_descriptor(struct usbd_interface *dev, uint8_t address);
usb_interface_descriptor_t *
usbd_find_idesc(usb_config_descriptor_t *cd, int iindex, int ano);
usb_endpoint_descriptor_t *
usbd_find_edesc(usb_config_descriptor_t *cd, int ifaceidx, int altidx, int endptidx);
void
usbd_dopoll(struct usbd_interface *iface);
void
usbd_set_polling(struct usbd_device *iface, int val);
const char *
usbd_errstr(usbd_status err);
void
usbd_add_dev_event(int type, struct usbd_device *iface);
void
usbd_add_drv_event(int type, struct usbd_device *iface, device_t dv);
char *
usbd_devinfo_alloc(struct usbd_device *iface, int showclass);
void
usbd_devinfo_free(char *str);
const struct usbd_quirks *
usbd_get_quirks(struct usbd_device *iface);
usbd_status
usbd_reload_device_desc(struct usbd_device *iface);
int
usbd_ratecheck(struct timeval *tv);
usbd_status
usbd_get_string(struct usbd_device *iface, int si, char *buf);
usbd_status
usbd_get_string0(struct usbd_device *iface, int si, char *buf, int unicode);
void
usb_desc_iter_init(struct usbd_device *iface, usbd_desc_iter_t *iter);
const usb_descriptor_t *
usb_desc_iter_next(usbd_desc_iter_t *iter);
void
usb_add_task(struct usbd_device *iface, struct usb_task *task, int queue);
void
usb_rem_task(struct usbd_device *iface, struct usb_task *task);
void
usb_init_task(struct usb_task *task, void (*func)(void *), void *arg, uint8_t, flags);
const struct usb_devno *
usb_lookup(const struct usb_devno *tbl, uint16_t vendor, uint16_t product);

## Obsolete functions

The following functions have been obsoleted from `usbdi.h`.
void *
usbd_alloc_buffer(struct usbd_xfer *xfer, uint32_t size);
void
usbd_free_buffer(struct usbd_xfer *xfer);

## Utilities from usbdi_util.h

Based on the routines in `usbdi.h` a number of utility functions have been defined that are accessible through `usbdi_util.h`.
usbd_status
usbd_get_desc(struct usbd_device *dev, int type, int index, int len, void *desc);
usbd_status
usbd_get_config_desc(struct usbd_device *dev, int confidx, usb_config_descriptor_t *d);
usbd_status
usbd_get_config_desc_full(struct usbd_device *, int dev, void *d, int size);
usbd_status
usbd_get_device_desc(struct usbd_device *dev, usb_device_descriptor_t *d);
usbd_status
usbd_set_address(struct usbd_device *dev, int addr);
usbd_status
usbd_get_port_status(struct usbd_device *dev, int port, usb_port_status_t *ps);
usbd_status
usbd_set_hub_feature(struct usbd_device *dev, int sel);
usbd_status
usbd_clear_hub_feature(struct usbd_device *dev, int sel);
usbd_status
usbd_set_port_feature(struct usbd_device *dev, int port, int sel);
usbd_status
usbd_clear_port_feature(struct usbd_device *dev, int port, int sel);
usbd_status
usbd_get_device_status(struct usbd_device *dev, usb_status_t *st);
usbd_status
usbd_get_hub_status(struct usbd_device *dev, usb_hub_status_t *st);
usbd_status
usbd_set_protocol(struct usbd_interface *dev, int report);
usbd_status
usbd_get_report_descriptor(struct usbd_device *dev, int ifcno, int repid, int size, void *d);
struct usb_hid_descriptor *
usbd_get_hid_descriptor(struct usbd_interface *ifc);
usbd_status
usbd_set_report(struct usbd_interface *iface, int type, int id, void *data, int len);
usbd_status
usbd_set_report_async(struct usbd_interface *iface, int type, int id, void *data, int len);
usbd_status
usbd_get_report(struct usbd_interface *iface, int type, int id, void *data, int len);
usbd_status
usbd_set_idle(struct usbd_interface *iface, int duration, int id);
usbd_status
usbd_alloc_report_desc(struct usbd_interface *ifc, void **descp, int *sizep, int mem);
usbd_status
usbd_get_string_desc(struct usbd_device *dev, int sindex, int langid, usb_string_descriptor_t *sdesc);
void
usbd_delay_ms(struct usbd_device *dev, u_int ms);
usbd_status
usbd_set_config_no(struct usbd_device *dev, int no, int msg);
usbd_status
usbd_set_config_index(struct usbd_device *dev, int index, int msg);
usbd_status
usbd_bulk_transfer(struct usbd_xfer *xfer, struct usbd_pipe *pipe, uint16_t flags, uint32_t timeout, void *buf, uint32_t *size);
usbd_status
usbd_intr_transfer(struct usbd_xfer *xfer, struct usbd_pipe *pipe, uint16_t flags, uint32_t timeout, void *buf, uint32_t *size);
void
usb_detach_waitold(device_t dv);
void
usb_detach_wakeupold(device_t dv);
void
usb_detach_wait(device_t dv, kcondvar_t *cv, kmutex_t *lk);
void
usb_detach_broadcast(device_t dv, kcondvar_t *cv);

# DESCRIPTION

Device driver access to the USB bus centers around transfers. A transfer describes a communication with a USB device. A transfer is an abstract concept that can result in several physical packets being transferred to or from a device. A transfer is described by the struct usbd_xfer * cookie. A pipe is a logical connection to a USB device. It is described by the struct usbd_pipe * cookie. See the TRANSFERS and PIPES sections for more details.
There are a number of functions to obtain a handle, descriptor of resource count:

usbd_device2interface_handle(dev, ifaceno, iface)
  Fills in iface with the struct usbd_interface * for the USB device dev on interface number ifaceno.
usbd_interface2device_handle(iface, dev)
  Fills in dev with the struct usbd_device * pointer for interface iface.
usbd_pipe2device_handle(pipe)
  Returns the struct usbd_device * associated with pipe.
usbd_interface2endpoint_descriptor(iface, address)
  Returns the usb_endpoint_descriptor_t * for the particular interface iface at address address.
usbd_endpoint_count(dev, count)
usbd_interface_count(dev, count)
  Fills in count with the number of endpoint or interfaces the USB device dev has.

Error handling and other return values are described in usbd_status(9).
Additional comments on particular functions:

usbd_errstr(err)
  Returns the string associated with err.
usbd_add_dev_event(type, iface)
  The type must be one of `USB_EVENT_CTRLR_ATTACH`, `USB_EVENT_CTRLR_DETACH`, `USB_EVENT_DEVICE_ATTACH` and `USB_EVENT_DEVICE_DETACH`.
usbd_add_drv_event(type, iface, dv)
  The type must be one of `USB_EVENT_DRIVER_ATTACH` and `USB_EVENT_DRIVER_DETACH`. The dv corresponds with the device_t associated with the device attached or detached.
usb_lookup(tbl, vendor, product)
  Lookup a USB device. The returned struct usb_devno pointer has these members:
  - uint16_t ud_vendor;
  - uint16_t ud_product;
  The `USB_PRODUCT_ANY` macro can be used to match any USB product by a particular vendor.

# PIPES

Pipes are created and destroyed by using the usbd_open_pipe(), usbd_open_pipe_intr() and usbd_close_pipe() functions. The open functions take the interface handle iface, the address of this pipe and flags for this pipe which currently may be 0, or a combination of `USBD_EXCLUSIVE_USE`, to enable exclusive access to this interface and address, and `USBD_MPSAFE`, to allow running transfer callbacks on this pipe without first acquiring `kernel_lock`. The usbd_open_pipe_intr() takes additional arguments priv to set the default private handle. buffer and len to describe the buffer to be used, callback for the function to call at interrupt time, and finally the interval for interrupts to be delivered in milliseconds. The interval may be set to `USBD_DEFAULT_INTERVAL` use the default interval, specified by the ep. description. It is common to have more than one pipe per device.

# TRANSFERS

Transfers are created and destroyed with usbd_create_xfer() and usbd_destroy_xfer(), respectively, and are associated with a pipe at their creation time. The create function takes the pipe handle pipe, the length of the largest transfer possible len, possible transfer flags flags, the number of isochronous frames (or 0) in nframes.
The data describing the transfer is filled by either usbd_setup_default_xfer() for control pipe transfers, by usbd_setup_xfer() for bulk and interrupt transfers, and by usbd_setup_isoc_xfer() for isochronous transfers. Private data may be passed between setup and completion or status calls using the void *priv argument.
Arguments to the setup functions include the newly allocated xfer, the private data priv, the timeout in milliseconds, for control, bulk and interrupt transfers buffer the data to transfer and its length and for isochronous transfers the frame length frlengths and number of frames nframes, and for default transfers a USB request structure req must be presented. See the INITIALISING USB REQUESTS section for more details on USB requests.
The transfer specific flags that can be set are:

`USBD_SYNCHRONOUS`
  Wait for completion
`USBD_SYNCHRONOUS_SIG`
  When waiting for completion, allow signals to trigger wake up.
`USBD_SHORT_XFER_OK`
  Short reads are not an error
`USBD_FORCE_SHORT_XFER`
  Force last short packet on write

The usbd_get_buffer() function returns the current kernel address for the buffer suitable for transfer in xfer.
The usbd_open_pipe(), usbd_open_pipe_intr(), usbd_close_pipe(), usbd_alloc_xfer(), and usbd_free_xfer() can all sleep and should not be called from interrupt context as a result.
Upon completion the callback function is called, which takes the completed xfer, the private data priv originally assocated with this transfer, and status the status of this transfer.
Transfers are initiated by calling usbd_transfer(), and their results made be later obtained by calling usbd_get_xfer_status, which fills in the private data priv, original buffer location buffer, the length length, and the status of this request.
The usbd_bulk_transfer() and usbd_intr_transfer() functions are used to transfer data in either an interrupt or bulk fashion, and are front-ends to the usbd_setup_xfer(), usbd_transfer() and usbd_get_xfer_status(), as well as associated error handling. The usbd_sync_transfer() is identical to usbd_transfer() with the `USBD_SYNCHRONOUS` flag set. The usbd_sync_transfer_sig() is identical to usbd_transfer() with the `USBD_SYNCHRONOUS` and `USBD_SYNCHRONOUS_SIG` flags set.
Transfers are aborted via this pipe with usbd_abort_pipe() and usbd_abort_default_pipe().
The usbd_clear_endpoint_stall() and usbd_clear_endpoint_stall_async() functions are used to clear endpoint halt in either a synchronous or asynchronous fashion. To clear the toggle state of an endpoint the usbd_clear_endpoint_toggle() function should be used.
A request is described by a usb_device_request_t which must be initialised as necessary before calling either usbd_do_request() or usbd_do_request_flags() to submit the request. For both these functions dev is the handle of the USB device the request is for, req is the USB request, as described in the INITIALISING USB REQUESTS section, and then data is a buffer containing the data for the request. For the usbd_do_request_flags() function there are additional flags passed to the usbd_setup function, actlen a pointer to fill in with the actual length of this request, and timo, the number of milliseconds to wait before timing out this request.

# INITIALISING USB REQUESTS

There are 5 members of a usb_device_request_t that must be initialised:

- uByte bmRequestType;
- uByte bRequest;
- uWord wValue;
- uWord wIndex;
- uWord wLength;

The first two are normal byte values that may be simply assigned, but the last three must be initialised with the USETW() macro.
The bmRequestType holds the request type of this USB request, which describes the indended recipient of the request.
This may be one of:

`UT_WRITE`
`UT_READ`

with one of:

`UT_STANDARD`
`UT_CLASS`
`UT_VENDOR`

and with one of:

`UT_DEVICE`
`UT_INTERFACE`
`UT_ENDPOINT`
`UT_OTHER`

These are also in combinations as:

`UT_READ_DEVICE`
`UT_READ_INTERFACE`
`UT_READ_ENDPOINT`
`UT_WRITE_DEVICE`
`UT_WRITE_INTERFACE`
`UT_WRITE_ENDPOINT`
`UT_READ_CLASS_DEVICE`
`UT_READ_CLASS_INTERFACE`
`UT_READ_CLASS_OTHER`
`UT_READ_CLASS_ENDPOINT`
`UT_WRITE_CLASS_DEVICE`
`UT_WRITE_CLASS_INTERFACE`
`UT_WRITE_CLASS_OTHER`
`UT_WRITE_CLASS_ENDPOINT`
`UT_READ_VENDOR_DEVICE`
`UT_READ_VENDOR_INTERFACE`
`UT_READ_VENDOR_OTHER`
`UT_READ_VENDOR_ENDPOINT`
`UT_WRITE_VENDOR_DEVICE`
`UT_WRITE_VENDOR_INTERFACE`
`UT_WRITE_VENDOR_OTHER`
`UT_WRITE_VENDOR_ENDPOINT`

The bRequest describes which request is being made. The available values are:

`UR_GET_STATUS`
`UR_CLEAR_FEATURE`
`UR_SET_FEATURE`
`UR_SET_ADDRESS`
`UR_GET_DESCRIPTOR`
`UR_SET_DESCRIPTOR`

The wValue, wIndex and wLength are device-specific values and must be initialised with the USETW() macro.

# USB REQUEST TYPES AND STRUCTURES

The `UR_GET_STATUS` request operates on a usb_status_t structure, which has this member:

- uWord wStatus;

For device status requests the wStatus member may have either of these bit flags set:

`UDS_SELF_POWERED`
`UDS_REMOTE_WAKEUP`

For endpoint status requests the wStatus member may have this bit flag set:

`UES_HALT`

The `UR_CLEAR_FEATURE` and `UR_SET_FEATURE` requests clear or set special features on USB devices. The values for wValue, wIndex and wLength depend upon the device and device type.
The `UR_SET_ADDRESS` request sets the virtual USB address of a port using the wValue.
The `UR_GET_DESCRIPTOR` and `UR_SET_DESCRIPTOR` requests operate on a usb_descriptor_t structure, which has these members:

- uByte bLength;
- uByte bDescriptorType;

The bDescriptorType member may be one of the following values:

`UDESC_DEVICE`
`UDESC_CONFIG`
`UDESC_STRING`
`UDESC_INTERFACE`
`UDESC_ENDPOINT`
`UDESC_DEVICE_QUALIFIER`
`UDESC_OTHER_SPEED_CONFIGURATION`
`UDESC_INTERFACE_POWER`
`UDESC_OTG`
`UDESC_DEBUG`
`UDESC_INTERFACE_ASSOC`
`UDESC_CS_DEVICE`
`UDESC_CS_CONFIG`
`UDESC_CS_STRING`
`UDESC_CS_INTERFACE`
`UDESC_CS_ENDPOINT`
`UDESC_HUB`

The usbd_set_interface() function can be used to change the index used for transfers on this interface as obtained via usbd_device2interface_handle().

# USB DEVICE DETACHMENT

There are two functions available to ease the detach of active devices. Typically a reference count is maintained on syscall activity. When a USB device is to be detached, the reference count should be decremented and if it is greater or equal to zero, usb_detach_wait() should be called on the dv associated with this USB device and, typically, a device-specific condition variable cv. and mutex lk protecting this reference count state. At the end of each syscall function, if the reference count is decremented to less than zero, then usb_detach_broadcast() must be called on the dv and cv that is being waited on with usb_detach_wait().
The are another pair of functions with similar functionality that do not use a condition variable or mutex and should be avoided in new code. The usb_detach_waitold() function works like usb_detach_wait(), and the usb_detach_wakeupold() function works like usb_detach_broadcast().

# USB TASK MANAGEMENT

The USB stack provides a task management framework to execute tasks in a thread context at the soonest opportunity. Typically this is used by network drivers to handle periodic updates or status change requests, or other operations that need to run in a normal context.
The usb_init_task() function takes a pointer to a struct usb_task that will be initalised, a function to call for this task func, the argument to pass to func, arg, and the task flags flags. If the flags argument is `USB_TASKQ_MPSAFE`, the func function will be called without first acquiring `kernel_lock`.
To invoke the task callback the usb_add_task() function should be called with the iface associated with this device, the task structure task, and the queue to run against, either `USB_TASKQ_HC` for operations initiated by host controllers or `USB_TASKQ_DRIVER` for operations initiated by USB drivers.
To deschedule a potentially running task the usb_rem_task() function should be called.
The driver using these facilities is expected to provide the necessary serialisation between usb_init_task(), usb_add_task() and usb_rem_task() for each specific struct usb_task.

# SEE ALSO

usb(4), usbd_status(9)

# HISTORY

This usbdi interface first appeared in NetBSD 1.4. The interface is based on an early definition from the OpenUSBDI group within the USB organisation. Right after this definition the OpenUSBDI development got closed for open source developers, so this interface has not followed the further changes. The OpenUSBDI specification is now available again, but looks different.

# BUGS

This manual is under development, so its biggest shortcoming is incompleteness.

April 24, 2016 | NetBSD 8.2